Military Responses to Refugee Flows by Barry Posen
a. Genocide/politicide
i. Toughest to address with military power
ii. A coercive bombing strategy may work in rare cases
iii. Safe zones/safe havens may be employed if refugees are in a concentrated area
iv. Only complete invasion and occupation is likely to stop the crime
v. Killing of innocents can occur
b. Ethnic cleansing
i. Safe havens/zones a pragmatic approach
c. Repressive conquerors/repressive regimes
d. The dangerous environment of war
e. Impoverishment caused by primitive armies that live off the land
2. Military remedies for refugee problems
a. Strategic bombing
b. Safe zones
i. When demographic, ecological, and geopolitical factors are favorable, safe zones an appealing remedy
ii. The threatened population may be organized into lightly armed ground forces
iii. Political problem: sovereignty
1. De facto secession by outside powers
c. Safe havens
i. Analytically distinct from safe zones
ii. Primarily refuges, not places of normal existence
iii. Adopted only in the most dire circumstances
d. Enforced peace
e. Full scale war against assailant groups or states
i. The best military answer to refugees produced by cruel occupations or highly repressive indigenous regimes
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